Gadolinium
64
Gd
Ryhmä
Ei saatavilla
Jakso
6
Lohko
f
Protonia
Elektronit
Neutronia
64
64
93
Yleiset ominaisuudet
Järjestysluku
64
Atomipaino
157,25
Massaluku
157
Luokka
Lantanoidit
Väri
Hopea
Radioaktiivisuus
Ei
From gadolinite, a mineral named for Gadolin, a Finnish chemist
Kiderakenne
Yksinkertainen kuusikulmainen
Historia
Gadolinium was first detected spectroscopically in 1880 by the Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac who separated its oxide.
He observed spectroscopic lines due to gadolinium in samples of gadolinite and in the separate mineral cerite.
The metal was isolated by Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1886.
He observed spectroscopic lines due to gadolinium in samples of gadolinite and in the separate mineral cerite.
The metal was isolated by Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1886.
Elektroneja elektronikuorilla
2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
Orbitaalirakenne
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Gadolinium has the highest neutron cross-section among any stable nuclides
Fyysiset ominaisuudet
Olomuoto
Kiinteä
Tiheys
7,895 g/cm3
Sulamispiste
1585,15 K | 1312 °C | 2393,6 °F
Kiehumispiste
3546,15 K | 3273 °C | 5923,4 °F
Sulamislämpö
10 kJ/mol
Höyrystymislämpö
305 kJ/mol
Ominaislämpökapasiteetti
0,236 J/g·K
Esiintyvyys maankuoressa
0,00052%
Esiintyvyys maailmankaikkeudessa
2×10-7%
CAS-numero
7440-54-2
PubChem CID-numero
23982
Atomiominaisuudet
Atomisäde
180 pm
Kovalenttisäde
196 pm
Elektronegatiivisuus
1,2 (Paulingin asteikko)
Ionisoitumispotentiaali
6,1501 eV
Moolitilavuus
19,9 cm3/mol
Lämmönjohtavuus
0,106 W/cm·K
Hapetusluvut
1, 2, 3
Käyttö
Gadolinium is used to make gadolinium yttrium garnets which have microwave applications.
It is also used in intravenous radiocontrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Gadolinium compounds are used for making green phosphors for color TV tubes, and in manufacturing compact discs.
It is also used in intravenous radiocontrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Gadolinium compounds are used for making green phosphors for color TV tubes, and in manufacturing compact discs.
Gadolinium is considered to be moderately toxic
Isotooppi
Vakaat isotoopit
154Gd, 155Gd, 156Gd, 157Gd, 158Gd, 160GdEpävakaat isotoopit
134Gd, 135Gd, 136Gd, 137Gd, 138Gd, 139Gd, 140Gd, 141Gd, 142Gd, 143Gd, 144Gd, 145Gd, 146Gd, 147Gd, 148Gd, 149Gd, 150Gd, 151Gd, 152Gd, 153Gd, 159Gd, 161Gd, 162Gd, 163Gd, 164Gd, 165Gd, 166Gd, 167Gd, 168Gd, 169Gd