Zirkonium
40
Zr
Ryhmä
4
Jakso
5
Lohko
d
Protonia
Elektronit
Neutronia
40
40
51
Yleiset ominaisuudet
Järjestysluku
40
Atomipaino
91,224
Massaluku
91
Luokka
Siirtymäalkuaineet
Väri
Hopea
Radioaktiivisuus
Ei
From the Persian zargun, gold like
Kiderakenne
Yksinkertainen kuusikulmainen
Historia
Zirconium was first recognized as an element by Martin Heinrich Klaproth in 1789, in Berlin, in a sample of zircon from Sri Lanka.
Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube.
Dutch scientists Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discovered a method for producing high purity zirconium in 1925.
Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube.
Dutch scientists Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discovered a method for producing high purity zirconium in 1925.
Elektroneja elektronikuorilla
2, 8, 18, 10, 2
Orbitaalirakenne
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
The most common oxide is zirconium dioxide, also referred to as zirconia
Fyysiset ominaisuudet
Olomuoto
Kiinteä
Tiheys
6,506 g/cm3
Sulamispiste
2128,15 K | 1855 °C | 3371 °F
Kiehumispiste
4682,15 K | 4409 °C | 7968,2 °F
Sulamislämpö
21 kJ/mol
Höyrystymislämpö
580 kJ/mol
Ominaislämpökapasiteetti
0,278 J/g·K
Esiintyvyys maankuoressa
0,013%
Esiintyvyys maailmankaikkeudessa
5×10-6%
Kuvalähteet: Wikimedia Commons (Alchemist-hp)
Two samples of crystal bar showing different surface textures as well as a highly pure zirconium cube for comparison
CAS-numero
7440-67-7
PubChem CID-numero
23995
Atomiominaisuudet
Atomisäde
160 pm
Kovalenttisäde
175 pm
Elektronegatiivisuus
1,33 (Paulingin asteikko)
Ionisoitumispotentiaali
6,6339 eV
Moolitilavuus
14,0 cm3/mol
Lämmönjohtavuus
0,227 W/cm·K
Hapetusluvut
1, 2, 3, 4
Käyttö
Zirconium is mainly used as a refractory and opacifier, although it is used in small amounts as an alloying agent for its strong resistance to corrosion.
Zirconium is used as to make surgical instruments and is used in steel alloys as a hardening agent.
Zirconium is also used to make superconductive magnets.
Zirconium is used as to make surgical instruments and is used in steel alloys as a hardening agent.
Zirconium is also used to make superconductive magnets.
Zirconium is considered to be non-toxic
Isotooppi
Vakaat isotoopit
90Zr, 91Zr, 92Zr, 94ZrEpävakaat isotoopit
78Zr, 79Zr, 80Zr, 81Zr, 82Zr, 83Zr, 84Zr, 85Zr, 86Zr, 87Zr, 88Zr, 89Zr, 93Zr, 95Zr, 96Zr, 97Zr, 98Zr, 99Zr, 100Zr, 101Zr, 102Zr, 103Zr, 104Zr, 105Zr, 106Zr, 107Zr, 108Zr, 109Zr, 110Zr