Niobium
41
Nb
Ryhmä
5
Jakso
5
Lohko
d
Protonia
Elektronit
Neutronia
41
41
52
Yleiset ominaisuudet
Järjestysluku
41
Atomipaino
92,90638
Massaluku
93
Luokka
Siirtymäalkuaineet
Väri
Harmaa
Radioaktiivisuus
Ei
Named after Niobe, the daughter of Tantalu
Kiderakenne
Tilakeskinen kuutiollinen
Historia
Niobium was discovered by the English chemist Charles Hatchett in 1801 and named the new element columbium.
In 1846, German chemist Henrich Rose independently discovered the element and named it niobium.
The metal was first isolated by Swedish scientist Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand in 1864 who reduced the chloride by heating it in a hydrogen atmosphere.
In 1846, German chemist Henrich Rose independently discovered the element and named it niobium.
The metal was first isolated by Swedish scientist Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand in 1864 who reduced the chloride by heating it in a hydrogen atmosphere.
Elektroneja elektronikuorilla
2, 8, 18, 12, 1
Orbitaalirakenne
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
Brazil is the leading producer of niobium
Fyysiset ominaisuudet
Olomuoto
Kiinteä
Tiheys
8,57 g/cm3
Sulamispiste
2750,15 K | 2477 °C | 4490,6 °F
Kiehumispiste
5017,15 K | 4744 °C | 8571,2 °F
Sulamislämpö
26,8 kJ/mol
Höyrystymislämpö
690 kJ/mol
Ominaislämpökapasiteetti
0,265 J/g·K
Esiintyvyys maankuoressa
0,0017%
Esiintyvyys maailmankaikkeudessa
2×10-7%
CAS-numero
7440-03-1
PubChem CID-numero
23936
Atomiominaisuudet
Atomisäde
146 pm
Kovalenttisäde
164 pm
Elektronegatiivisuus
1,6 (Paulingin asteikko)
Ionisoitumispotentiaali
6,7589 eV
Moolitilavuus
10,87 cm3/mol
Lämmönjohtavuus
0,537 W/cm·K
Hapetusluvut
-1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Käyttö
Niobium is used in arc-welding rods for stabilized grades of stainless steel.
Niobium alloys are strong and are often used in pipeline construction.
The metal is used in superalloys for jet engines and heat resistant equipment.
Niobium is found in many medical devices such as pacemakers.
Niobium alloys are strong and are often used in pipeline construction.
The metal is used in superalloys for jet engines and heat resistant equipment.
Niobium is found in many medical devices such as pacemakers.
Some niobium compounds are highly toxic
Isotooppi
Vakaat isotoopit
93NbEpävakaat isotoopit
81Nb, 82Nb, 83Nb, 84Nb, 85Nb, 86Nb, 87Nb, 88Nb, 89Nb, 90Nb, 91Nb, 92Nb, 94Nb, 95Nb, 96Nb, 97Nb, 98Nb, 99Nb, 100Nb, 101Nb, 102Nb, 103Nb, 104Nb, 105Nb, 106Nb, 107Nb, 108Nb, 109Nb, 110Nb, 111Nb, 112Nb, 113Nb