Kalsium
20
Ca
Ryhmä
2
Jakso
4
Lohko
s
Protonia
Elektronit
Neutronia
20
20
20
Yleiset ominaisuudet
Järjestysluku
20
Atomipaino
40,078
Massaluku
40
Luokka
Maa-alkalimetallit
Väri
Hopea
Radioaktiivisuus
Ei
From the Latin word calx, lime
Kiderakenne
Pintakeskinen kuutiollinen
Historia
Calcium was known as early as the first century when the Ancient Romans prepared lime as calcium oxide.
Calcium was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808 when he electrolyzed a mixture of lime and mercuric oxide.
Davy was trying to isolate calcium; when he heard that Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Pontin prepared calcium amalgam by electrolyzing lime in mercury, he tried it himself.
Calcium was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808 when he electrolyzed a mixture of lime and mercuric oxide.
Davy was trying to isolate calcium; when he heard that Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Pontin prepared calcium amalgam by electrolyzing lime in mercury, he tried it himself.
Elektroneja elektronikuorilla
2, 8, 8, 2
Orbitaalirakenne
[Ar] 4s2
The shell of an egg is made up of primarily calcium carbonate
Fyysiset ominaisuudet
Olomuoto
Kiinteä
Tiheys
1,54 g/cm3
Sulamispiste
1115,15 K | 842 °C | 1547,6 °F
Kiehumispiste
1757,15 K | 1484 °C | 2703,2 °F
Sulamislämpö
8,54 kJ/mol
Höyrystymislämpö
155 kJ/mol
Ominaislämpökapasiteetti
0,647 J/g·K
Esiintyvyys maankuoressa
5%
Esiintyvyys maailmankaikkeudessa
0,007%
CAS-numero
7440-70-2
PubChem CID-numero
5460341
Atomiominaisuudet
Atomisäde
197 pm
Kovalenttisäde
176 pm
Elektronegatiivisuus
1,00 (Paulingin asteikko)
Ionisoitumispotentiaali
6,1132 eV
Moolitilavuus
29,9 cm3/mol
Lämmönjohtavuus
2,01 W/cm·K
Hapetusluvut
1, 2
Käyttö
Calcium is used to remove oxygen, sulfur and carbon from alloys.
It is also used as an alloying agent used in the production of aluminum, beryllium, copper, lead, and magnesium alloys.
Calcium is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of other metals, such as uranium, zirconium, and thorium.
Calcium carbonate is used in manufacturing cement and mortar, lime and limestone.
It is also used as an alloying agent used in the production of aluminum, beryllium, copper, lead, and magnesium alloys.
Calcium is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of other metals, such as uranium, zirconium, and thorium.
Calcium carbonate is used in manufacturing cement and mortar, lime and limestone.
Calcium is considered to be non-toxic
Isotooppi
Vakaat isotoopit
40Ca, 42Ca, 43Ca, 44Ca, 46CaEpävakaat isotoopit
34Ca, 35Ca, 36Ca, 37Ca, 38Ca, 39Ca, 41Ca, 45Ca, 47Ca, 48Ca, 49Ca, 50Ca, 51Ca, 52Ca, 53Ca, 54Ca, 55Ca, 56Ca, 57Ca