Kalium
19
K
Ryhmä
1
Jakso
4
Lohko
s
Protonia
Elektronit
Neutronia
19
19
20
Yleiset ominaisuudet
Järjestysluku
19
Atomipaino
39,0983
Massaluku
39
Luokka
Alkalimetallit
Väri
Hopea
Radioaktiivisuus
Ei
From the English word, potash - pot ashes; Latin kalium, Arab qali, alkali
Kiderakenne
Tilakeskinen kuutiollinen
Historia
Potassium's symbol K comes from 'kalium' the name of the element in Germany and Scandinavia.
Potassium metal was first isolated in 1807 by Sir Humphry Davy, who derived it from caustic potash by the use of electrolysis of the molten salt with the newly discovered voltaic pile.
Potassium was the first metal that was isolated by electrolysis.
Potassium metal was first isolated in 1807 by Sir Humphry Davy, who derived it from caustic potash by the use of electrolysis of the molten salt with the newly discovered voltaic pile.
Potassium was the first metal that was isolated by electrolysis.
Elektroneja elektronikuorilla
2, 8, 8, 1
Orbitaalirakenne
[Ar] 4s1
People whose diets are low in potassium can suffer from hypokalemia
Fyysiset ominaisuudet
Olomuoto
Kiinteä
Tiheys
0,862 g/cm3
Sulamispiste
336,53 K | 63,38 °C | 146,08 °F
Kiehumispiste
1032,15 K | 759 °C | 1398,2 °F
Sulamislämpö
2,33 kJ/mol
Höyrystymislämpö
76,9 kJ/mol
Ominaislämpökapasiteetti
0,757 J/g·K
Esiintyvyys maankuoressa
1,5%
Esiintyvyys maailmankaikkeudessa
0,0003%
CAS-numero
7440-09-7
PubChem CID-numero
5462222
Atomiominaisuudet
Atomisäde
227 pm
Kovalenttisäde
203 pm
Elektronegatiivisuus
0,82 (Paulingin asteikko)
Ionisoitumispotentiaali
4,3407 eV
Moolitilavuus
45,46 cm3/mol
Lämmönjohtavuus
1,024 W/cm·K
Hapetusluvut
-1, 1
Käyttö
The greatest demand for potash has been in its use for fertilizers.
Potassium is an essential constituent for plant growth and is found in most soils.
Potassium nitrate is the main explosive ingredient in gunpowder.
Potassium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of soft soaps and as an electrolyte in alkaline batteries.
Potassium is an essential constituent for plant growth and is found in most soils.
Potassium nitrate is the main explosive ingredient in gunpowder.
Potassium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of soft soaps and as an electrolyte in alkaline batteries.
Potassium must be handled with great care with full skin and eye protection
Isotooppi
Vakaat isotoopit
39K, 41KEpävakaat isotoopit
32K, 33K, 34K, 35K, 36K, 37K, 38K, 40K, 42K, 43K, 44K, 45K, 46K, 47K, 48K, 49K, 50K, 51K, 52K, 53K, 54K, 55K