Torium
90
Th
Ryhmä
Ei saatavilla
Jakso
7
Lohko
f
Protonia
Elektronit
Neutronia
90
90
142
Yleiset ominaisuudet
Järjestysluku
90
Atomipaino
232,03806
Massaluku
232
Luokka
Aktinoidit
Väri
Hopea
Radioaktiivisuus
Kyllä
Named after Thor, Scandinavian god of war
Kiderakenne
Pintakeskinen kuutiollinen
Historia
Thorium was discovered by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1828, in Stockholm, Sweden.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Elektroneja elektronikuorilla
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
Orbitaalirakenne
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Thorium fuel research is continuing in several countries including the USA and India
Fyysiset ominaisuudet
Olomuoto
Kiinteä
Tiheys
11,7 g/cm3
Sulamispiste
2115,15 K | 1842 °C | 3347,6 °F
Kiehumispiste
5061,15 K | 4788 °C | 8650,4 °F
Sulamislämpö
16 kJ/mol
Höyrystymislämpö
530 kJ/mol
Ominaislämpökapasiteetti
0,113 J/g·K
Esiintyvyys maankuoressa
0,0006%
Esiintyvyys maailmankaikkeudessa
4×10-8%
Kuvalähteet: Wikimedia Commons (NASA/ESA/JHU/R.Sankrit & W.Blair)
The Earth's thorium originated in the death throes of ancient stars
CAS-numero
7440-29-1
PubChem CID-numero
23960
Atomiominaisuudet
Atomisäde
179 pm
Kovalenttisäde
206 pm
Elektronegatiivisuus
1,3 (Paulingin asteikko)
Ionisoitumispotentiaali
6,3067 eV
Moolitilavuus
19,9 cm3/mol
Lämmönjohtavuus
0,54 W/cm·K
Hapetusluvut
2, 3, 4
Käyttö
Thorium is used to coat tungsten filaments in light bulbs.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
Thorium is highly radioactive
Isotooppi
Vakaat isotoopit
232ThEpävakaat isotoopit
209Th, 210Th, 211Th, 212Th, 213Th, 214Th, 215Th, 216Th, 217Th, 218Th, 219Th, 220Th, 221Th, 222Th, 223Th, 224Th, 225Th, 226Th, 227Th, 228Th, 229Th, 230Th, 231Th, 233Th, 234Th, 235Th, 236Th, 237Th, 238Th