Tallium
81
Tl
Ryhmä
13
Jakso
6
Lohko
p
Protonia
Elektronit
Neutronia
81
81
123
Yleiset ominaisuudet
Järjestysluku
81
Atomipaino
204,3833
Massaluku
204
Luokka
Muut metallit
Väri
Hopea
Radioaktiivisuus
Ei
From Greek thallos, meanin a green shoot or twig
Kiderakenne
Yksinkertainen kuusikulmainen
Historia
Thallium was discovered spectroscopically by Sir William Crookes in 1861, in London.
In 1862, Claude-Auguste Lamy used a spectrometer to determine the composition of a selenium-containing substance which was deposited during the production of sulfuric acid from pyrite.
He noticed the new green line in the spectra and concluded that a new element was present.
In 1862, Claude-Auguste Lamy used a spectrometer to determine the composition of a selenium-containing substance which was deposited during the production of sulfuric acid from pyrite.
He noticed the new green line in the spectra and concluded that a new element was present.
Elektroneja elektronikuorilla
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
Orbitaalirakenne
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Agatha Christie made use of thallium's toxicity in her novel The Pale Horse
Fyysiset ominaisuudet
Olomuoto
Kiinteä
Tiheys
11,85 g/cm3
Sulamispiste
577,15 K | 304 °C | 579,2 °F
Kiehumispiste
1746,15 K | 1473 °C | 2683,4 °F
Sulamislämpö
4,2 kJ/mol
Höyrystymislämpö
165 kJ/mol
Ominaislämpökapasiteetti
0,129 J/g·K
Esiintyvyys maankuoressa
0,000053%
Esiintyvyys maailmankaikkeudessa
5×10-8%
CAS-numero
7440-28-0
PubChem CID-numero
5359464
Atomiominaisuudet
Atomisäde
170 pm
Kovalenttisäde
145 pm
Elektronegatiivisuus
1,62 (Paulingin asteikko)
Ionisoitumispotentiaali
6,1082 eV
Moolitilavuus
17,2 cm3/mol
Lämmönjohtavuus
0,461 W/cm·K
Hapetusluvut
1, 3
Käyttö
Thallium selenide has been used in a bolometer for infrared detection.
Thallium is also used in gamma radiation detection equipment.
Thallium oxide has been used to produce glasses with a high index of refraction, and is used in the manufacture of photo cells.
Some of the electrodes in dissolved oxygen analyzers contain thallium.
Thallium is also used in gamma radiation detection equipment.
Thallium oxide has been used to produce glasses with a high index of refraction, and is used in the manufacture of photo cells.
Some of the electrodes in dissolved oxygen analyzers contain thallium.
Thallium and its compounds are highly toxic
Isotooppi
Vakaat isotoopit
203Tl, 205TlEpävakaat isotoopit
176Tl, 177Tl, 178Tl, 179Tl, 180Tl, 181Tl, 182Tl, 183Tl, 184Tl, 185Tl, 186Tl, 187Tl, 188Tl, 189Tl, 190Tl, 191Tl, 192Tl, 193Tl, 194Tl, 195Tl, 196Tl, 197Tl, 198Tl, 199Tl, 200Tl, 201Tl, 202Tl, 204Tl, 206Tl, 207Tl, 208Tl, 209Tl, 210Tl, 211Tl, 212Tl