Hiili
6
C
Ryhmä
14
Jakso
2
Lohko
p
Protonia
Elektronit
Neutronia
6
6
6
Yleiset ominaisuudet
Järjestysluku
6
Atomipaino
12,0107
Massaluku
12
Luokka
Muut epämetallit
Väri
Musta
Radioaktiivisuus
Ei
From the Latin word carbo, charcoal
Kiderakenne
Yksinkertainen kuusikulmainen
Historia
Carbon was discovered in prehistory and was known in the forms of soot and charcoal to the earliest human civilizations.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
Elektroneja elektronikuorilla
2, 4
Orbitaalirakenne
[He] 2s2 2p2
About 20% of the weight of living organisms is carbon
Fyysiset ominaisuudet
Olomuoto
Kiinteä
Tiheys
2,267 g/cm3
Sulamispiste
3948,15 K | 3675 °C | 6647 °F
Kiehumispiste
4300,15 K | 4027 °C | 7280,6 °F
Sulamislämpö
105 kJ/mol
Höyrystymislämpö
715 kJ/mol
Ominaislämpökapasiteetti
0,709 J/g·K
Esiintyvyys maankuoressa
0,18%
Esiintyvyys maailmankaikkeudessa
0,5%
CAS-numero
7440-44-0
PubChem CID-numero
5462310
Atomiominaisuudet
Atomisäde
67 pm
Kovalenttisäde
77 pm
Elektronegatiivisuus
2,55 (Paulingin asteikko)
Ionisoitumispotentiaali
11,2603 eV
Moolitilavuus
5,31 cm3/mol
Lämmönjohtavuus
1,29 W/cm·K
Hapetusluvut
-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Käyttö
The major use of carbon other than food and wood is in the form of hydrocarbons, most notably the fossil fuel methane gas and crude oil.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Pure carbon has extremely low toxicity to humans and can be handled safely in the form of graphite or charcoal
Isotooppi
Vakaat isotoopit
12C, 13CEpävakaat isotoopit
8C, 9C, 10C, 11C, 14C, 15C, 16C, 17C, 18C, 19C, 20C, 21C, 22C