Fosfori
15
P
Ryhmä
15
Jakso
3
Lohko
p
Protonia
Elektronit
Neutronia
15
15
16
Yleiset ominaisuudet
Järjestysluku
15
Atomipaino
30,973762
Massaluku
31
Luokka
Muut epämetallit
Väri
Väritön
Radioaktiivisuus
Ei
From the Greek phosphoros, light bearing; ancient name for the planet Venus when appearing before sunrise
Kiderakenne
Yksinkertainen trikliininen
Historia
Hennig Brand discovered phosphorus in 1669, in Hamburg, Germany, preparing it from urine.
In 1769, Johan Gottlieb Gahn and Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that calcium phosphate is found in bones, and they obtained elemental phosphorus from bone ash.
Antoine Lavoisier recognized phosphorus as an element in 1777.
In 1769, Johan Gottlieb Gahn and Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that calcium phosphate is found in bones, and they obtained elemental phosphorus from bone ash.
Antoine Lavoisier recognized phosphorus as an element in 1777.
Elektroneja elektronikuorilla
2, 8, 5
Orbitaalirakenne
[Ne] 3s2 3p3
Elemental phosphorus exists in two major forms - white phosphorus and red phosphorus
Fyysiset ominaisuudet
Olomuoto
Kiinteä
Tiheys
1,82 g/cm3
Sulamispiste
317,25 K | 44,1 °C | 111,38 °F
Kiehumispiste
553 K | 279,85 °C | 535,73 °F
Sulamislämpö
0,64 kJ/mol
Höyrystymislämpö
12,4 kJ/mol
Ominaislämpökapasiteetti
0,769 J/g·K
Esiintyvyys maankuoressa
0,099%
Esiintyvyys maailmankaikkeudessa
0,0007%
CAS-numero
7723-14-0
PubChem CID-numero
5462309
Atomiominaisuudet
Atomisäde
98 pm
Kovalenttisäde
107 pm
Elektronegatiivisuus
2,19 (Paulingin asteikko)
Ionisoitumispotentiaali
10,4867 eV
Moolitilavuus
17,0 cm3/mol
Lämmönjohtavuus
0,00235 W/cm·K
Hapetusluvut
-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Käyttö
Many fertilisers contain a high proportion of phosphorus and are manufactured from concentrated phosphoric acids.
Phosphorus is used in the manufacture of safety matches, pyrotechnics and incendiary shells.
Phosphorus is also used in steel manufacture and in the production of phosphor bronze.
Phosphorus is used in the manufacture of safety matches, pyrotechnics and incendiary shells.
Phosphorus is also used in steel manufacture and in the production of phosphor bronze.
White phosphorus is highly toxic while red phosphorus is considered non-toxic
Isotooppi
Vakaat isotoopit
31PEpävakaat isotoopit
24P, 25P, 26P, 27P, 28P, 29P, 30P, 32P, 33P, 34P, 35P, 36P, 37P, 38P, 39P, 40P, 41P, 42P, 43P, 44P, 45P, 46P