Osmium
76
Os
Ryhmä
8
Jakso
6
Lohko
d
Protonia
Elektronit
Neutronia
76
76
114
Yleiset ominaisuudet
Järjestysluku
76
Atomipaino
190,23
Massaluku
190
Luokka
Siirtymäalkuaineet
Väri
Liuskeenharmaa
Radioaktiivisuus
Ei
From the Greek word osme, meaning smell
Kiderakenne
Yksinkertainen kuusikulmainen
Historia
Osmium was discovered in 1803 by English chemist Smithson Tennant in London.
Chemists who studied platinum dissolved it in aqua regia to create soluble salts and observed a small amount of a dark, insoluble residue.
Smithson Tennant analyzed the insoluble residue and concluded that it must contain a new metal.
Chemists who studied platinum dissolved it in aqua regia to create soluble salts and observed a small amount of a dark, insoluble residue.
Smithson Tennant analyzed the insoluble residue and concluded that it must contain a new metal.
Elektroneja elektronikuorilla
2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2
Orbitaalirakenne
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
Osmium is the least abundant stable element in the Earth's crust
Fyysiset ominaisuudet
Olomuoto
Kiinteä
Tiheys
22,61 g/cm3
Sulamispiste
3306,15 K | 3033 °C | 5491,4 °F
Kiehumispiste
5285,15 K | 5012 °C | 9053,6 °F
Sulamislämpö
31 kJ/mol
Höyrystymislämpö
630 kJ/mol
Ominaislämpökapasiteetti
0,13 J/g·K
Esiintyvyys maankuoressa
1,8×10-7%
Esiintyvyys maailmankaikkeudessa
3×10-7%
Kuvalähteet: Wikimedia Commons (Alchemist-hp)
Osmium crystals produced by chemical transport reaction in chlorine gas
CAS-numero
7440-04-2
PubChem CID-numero
23937
Atomiominaisuudet
Atomisäde
135 pm
Kovalenttisäde
144 pm
Elektronegatiivisuus
2,2 (Paulingin asteikko)
Ionisoitumispotentiaali
8,4382 eV
Moolitilavuus
8,49 cm3/mol
Lämmönjohtavuus
0,876 W/cm·K
Hapetusluvut
-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Käyttö
Osmium is used alloyed with other metals in the platinum group to produce very hard alloys.
Osmium alloys are used in the tips of fountain pens, instrument pivots, and electrical contacts
Osmium tetroxide has been used in fingerprint detection and in staining fatty tissue for optical and electron microscopy.
Osmium alloys are used in the tips of fountain pens, instrument pivots, and electrical contacts
Osmium tetroxide has been used in fingerprint detection and in staining fatty tissue for optical and electron microscopy.
Even low concentrations in air can cause lung congestion, skin damage, or eye damage
Isotooppi
Vakaat isotoopit
184Os, 187Os, 188Os, 189Os, 190Os, 192OsEpävakaat isotoopit
161Os, 162Os, 163Os, 164Os, 165Os, 166Os, 167Os, 168Os, 169Os, 170Os, 171Os, 172Os, 173Os, 174Os, 175Os, 176Os, 177Os, 178Os, 179Os, 180Os, 181Os, 182Os, 183Os, 185Os, 186Os, 191Os, 193Os, 194Os, 195Os, 196Os