Rutenium
44
Ru
Ryhmä
8
Jakso
5
Lohko
d
Protonia
Elektronit
Neutronia
44
44
57
Yleiset ominaisuudet
Järjestysluku
44
Atomipaino
101,07
Massaluku
101
Luokka
Siirtymäalkuaineet
Väri
Hopea
Radioaktiivisuus
Ei
From the Latin word Ruthenia, Russia
Kiderakenne
Yksinkertainen kuusikulmainen
Historia
Jędrzej Śniadecki isolated the element in 1807, but his work was not ratified.
Jöns Berzelius and Gottfried Osann nearly discovered ruthenium in 1827.
In 1844, Karl Ernst Claus confirmed that there was a new element and isolated ruthenium from the platinum residues of the rouble production while he was working in Kazan University, Kazan.
Jöns Berzelius and Gottfried Osann nearly discovered ruthenium in 1827.
In 1844, Karl Ernst Claus confirmed that there was a new element and isolated ruthenium from the platinum residues of the rouble production while he was working in Kazan University, Kazan.
Elektroneja elektronikuorilla
2, 8, 18, 15, 1
Orbitaalirakenne
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
Ruthenium is unaffected by air, water and acids
Fyysiset ominaisuudet
Olomuoto
Kiinteä
Tiheys
12,37 g/cm3
Sulamispiste
2607,15 K | 2334 °C | 4233,2 °F
Kiehumispiste
4423,15 K | 4150 °C | 7502 °F
Sulamislämpö
25,7 kJ/mol
Höyrystymislämpö
580 kJ/mol
Ominaislämpökapasiteetti
0,238 J/g·K
Esiintyvyys maankuoressa
9,9×10-8%
Esiintyvyys maailmankaikkeudessa
4×10-7%
CAS-numero
7440-18-8
PubChem CID-numero
23950
Atomiominaisuudet
Atomisäde
134 pm
Kovalenttisäde
146 pm
Elektronegatiivisuus
2,2 (Paulingin asteikko)
Ionisoitumispotentiaali
7,3605 eV
Moolitilavuus
8,3 cm3/mol
Lämmönjohtavuus
1,17 W/cm·K
Hapetusluvut
-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Käyttö
Ruthenium is used in platinum and palladium alloys to make wear-resistant electrical contacts.
Ruthenium dioxide and lead and bismuth ruthenates are used in thick-film chip resistors.
Fountain pen nibs are frequently tipped with alloys containing ruthenium.
Ruthenium is a versatile catalyst.
Ruthenium dioxide and lead and bismuth ruthenates are used in thick-film chip resistors.
Fountain pen nibs are frequently tipped with alloys containing ruthenium.
Ruthenium is a versatile catalyst.
Ruthenium is a suspected carcinogen and its compounds strongly stain the skin
Isotooppi
Vakaat isotoopit
96Ru, 98Ru, 99Ru, 100Ru, 101Ru, 102Ru, 104RuEpävakaat isotoopit
87Ru, 88Ru, 89Ru, 90Ru, 91Ru, 92Ru, 93Ru, 94Ru, 95Ru, 97Ru, 103Ru, 105Ru, 106Ru, 107Ru, 108Ru, 109Ru, 110Ru, 111Ru, 112Ru, 113Ru, 114Ru, 115Ru, 116Ru, 117Ru, 118Ru, 119Ru, 120Ru